An operating system is installed on the hard drive of the computer, within an area called the hard disk partition. There are several ways to install a new operating system. The installation method is based on system hardware and end-user requirements. Generally, you have four basic options for installing a new operating system:
Clean Installation
We are able to perform a clean installation on a new computer or in cases where there is no upgrade path from the current operating system and the new one. This type of installation deletes all data in the hard disk partition where the current operating system is installed. A new PC requires, of course, a new installation. You can also do a clean install when installing the current operating system has corrupted the files or does not work properly.
Installation Update
Sometimes, you can also perform an update. When performing an update, the operating system configuration settings, installed programs and data are stored. With this installation you have nothing to worry about, because you will not lose any personal information. It will only replace the old OS files with the new, updated files. However, be aware that after updating applications and drivers that are incompatible with the new operating system is not working as expected.
Multi-boot setup
Another option is to install multiple operating systems on a single computer. You can install any operating system in a different partition on the disk and in this way every operating system will have its own files and configuration settings. In multi-boot installations, users see a menu when they open their computers and must select the desired operating system. Of course, only one operating system can run at a time.
Virtualization
This is relative new technique that is often used on servers. With virtualization we can run multiple copies of an operating system on a single set of hardware and thus creating multiple virtual machines. Each virtual machine operates as a separate computer. This technology enables a single physical hardware resource to appear as multiple logical resources.
Before beginning installation of the operating system you need to make sure that all hardware is certified to work with the new operating system. Also confirm that the hardware resources meet the minimum installation requirements. Also, when you run an update it is a very good practice to run a virus scan before starting the installation and a complete full backup of all personal data.
A method of protecting data is this: create multiple partitions on the hard drive and install an operating system on each partition. Then copy all the data inside of an empty partition that contains an operating system. In this way you can update the operating system without the risk of losing data. Backup and restore of data files is also easier with this design.
It 'also important to decide the type of file system to use. The system file controls how the operating system stores and keeps track of the files. There are several available system files. The most well known are: FAT 32, NTFS, HPFS, ext2 and ext3. Each operating system is designed to use one or more of these file systems. There are advantages and disadvantages of each file system. Particular attention should be made to the file system type supported by the selected operating system and the benefits of each.
You can find several programs to change the partition structure and file system of a hard drive after installation, but it is best to avoid them if possible. When editing or file system or partition structure on a hard disk, data loss can result. Careful planning can help preserve data integrity.
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